This dataset describes the mining of vanadium-titanomagnetite ore, which mainly includes two basic forms of open-pit mining and underground mining. Open-pit mining: This method exposes and extracts the ore body directly from the surface after removing the overlying surface rocks and soils. Open-pit mining technology is usually applied to ore bodies that are relatively shallow and large in scale, offering advantages such as lower mining costs and high production efficiency. Typical steps of open-pit mining include drilling, blasting, stripping the overburden, loading and transporting the ore, etc. The equipment used primarily consists of excavators, drills, bulldozers, and mining trucks, etc. Underground mining: Underground mining is mainly used for deeper ore bodies, accessing the ore body through the construction of underground tunnels and drifts. This method is suitable for ore deposits where the mineral body is buried too deep or surface conditions are not suitable for open-pit mining. The process of underground mining includes construction of the mine shaft, ore collection, hoisting, etc., with equipment used including drills, hoists, mine cars, etc. The advantage of underground mining is that it causes less surface disruption, but it has higher costs and high safety requirements.

Vanadium-titanomagnetite ore is a composite symbiotic mineral mainly composed of iron, vanadium, titanium, and accompanied by various valuable elements (such as chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, scandium, gallium, and platinum group elements, etc.), which have high contents of valuable elements and is an important industrial mineral raw material with extremely high development and comprehensive utilization value. In nature, vanadium-titanomagnetite ore mainly occurs in basic and ultra-basic rock bodies. The common valuable ore minerals found in the formed deposits are mainly titano-magnetite and ilmenite. In addition, there are small amounts of magnetite ore, Hematite ore, and sulfides, etc. Titanomagnetite is a type of magnetite containing solid solution separations of ilmenite, titaniferous hematite, magnesioferrite spinel, etc., which can crystallize into ilmenite and magnetite through regional metamorphism. Typically, vanadium-titanomagnetite ore contains 1% to 15% TiO2 and 0.1% to 2% V2O5. Ilmenite has a chemical composition of FeTiO3, with TiO2 content at 52%. 66%, Fe2+ can be completely substituted by Mg2+ and Mn2+, forming series of FeTiO3-MgTiO3 or FeTiO3-MnTiO3. When FeO predominates, it is called ilmenite; when MgO predominates, it is called magnesian ilmenite; and when MnO predominates, it is called manganese-titanate. Ilmenite has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, a specific gravity of 4.70 to 4.78, possesses weak magnetic properties, and has a magnetic susceptibility of 1173.33 to 224.56×10^-9 m^3/kg.