The dataset represents the waste treatment activity of “municipal solid waste” in a sanitary landfill. The recommended use of this dataset: for average municipal/public waste mixtures. It is not suitable to represent any single specific waste, such as plastics, paper, or cardboard. The characteristics of municipal solid waste in Loudi City, Hunan Province are as follows: kitchen waste 25.71%, paper 18.27%, rubber 22.26%, textiles (fibers) 11.24%, wood and bamboo 2.33%, ash and soil 11.16%, bricks and ceramics 1.77%, glass 2.37%, metal 2.03%, and other materials 2.86%. The moisture content is 52% 39%, higher heating value 8525.15 kJ/kg, lower heating value 6747.63 kJ/kg. The carbon fraction of initial waste is 60.4% from biogenic sources. The proportions of non-oxidized and largely recoverable metals in the waste (excluding very small or very thin parts) are: Iron: 60.03%; Aluminum: 17.81%; Copper: 72.83%. The overall degradation rate of waste over 100 years is 18.73%. Degradability composition of the waste portion: Paper: 27%; Mixed cardboard: 32%. 4% plastic: 1%; laminated materials: 18%; laminated packaging, such as drink cartons: 18%; composite products, such as diapers: 18%; glass: 0%; textiles: 12%; minerals: 0%; natural products: 27%; compostable materials: 27%; inert metals: 10%; volatile metals: 0%; batteries: 0%; electronics: 0%; landfill gas capture and utilization generate 2.03E-04 kWh of electricity and 7.33E-01 MJ of useful heat.