Steelmaking technologies primarily include converter steelmaking technology and EAF steelmaking technology. Converter steelmaking is a common technology in the field, wherein the refining process, high-temperature combustion and oxygen blowing is used to remove impurities from the molten steel, such as sulfur, phosphorus, etc. By controlling the amount of oxygen blown and the production time, the oxygen atmosphere within the furnace and the reaction conditions are regulated to control the composition and quality of the alloyed steel. Molten refined steel is subsequently transported to a rotating platform via a ladle. Once the platform rotates to the casting position, the molten steel is poured into a tundish, from which the steel is distributed via spout to multiple crystallizers. After cooling and solidification, these form shaped crude steel billets. Electric arc furnace steelmaking is a steelmaking method that uses the thermal effect of electric arcs to heat and smelt furnace materials. Electrical energy is input into the electric arc furnace through graphite electrodes, using the electric arc between the electrode tip and furnace material as the heat source for steelmaking. Electric arc furnace steelmaking primarily uses scrap steel as the main raw material, with alloy, limestone, and carbon enhancers used as auxiliary materials. The basic process of electric arc furnace steelmaking includes slag removal and furnace supplementation, loading of metallic furnace materials, power feeding, melting, oxidation, reduction refining, and steel tapping. In this unit process, the scrap steel ratio of electric arc furnace steelmaking is approximately 40%.
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