This dataset describes the mining of magnetite ore, which mainly includes two basic forms of mining: open-pit mining and underground mining. Open-pit mining: Open-pit mining is a method where the overlying surface rocks and soil above the ore body are removed, exposing the ore body for extraction directly from the earths surface. The technology for open-pit mining is typically used for relatively shallow and large-scale ore deposits, with advantages such as lower mining costs and high production efficiency. Typical open-pit mining steps include drilling, blasting, overburden removal, ore loading, and transportation. The equipment used mainly consists of excavators, drilling machines, bulldozers, and mining trucks. Underground mining: Underground mining is mainly used for deeper ore bodies, accessing the ore body through the construction of underground tunnels and drifts. This method is suitable for ore deposits where the mineral body is deeply buried or surface conditions are unsuitable for open-pit mining. The process of underground mining includes mine construction, ore extraction, and hoisting, etc., and the equipment used includes drills, hoists, mine cars, and others. The advantages of underground mining include lesser surface disruption, but it comes with higher costs and demands higher safety standards.

Iron ore is the primary raw material for steelmaking, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure construction. China is the worlds largest steel producer and has a huge demand for iron ore. According to the natural types of ores and ore processing technology performance, ores are classified into three types based on the ratio of TFe/FeO. Among these, magnetite ore (TFe/FeO ≤ 3.5) is characterized by steel gray or gray-black color, granular structure, and massive, banded, spotted, or disseminated texture.