P-xylene can be used in the production of polyester fibers and resins, coatings, dyes, and pesticides; this dataset includes the main raw materials, auxiliaries, energy, atmospheric emissions, and waste of the production process. Infrastructure such as equipment used for production and plant construction is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is cited from literature; the production process of P-xylene through concentrated acid hydrolysis includes steps of raw material preparation, pretreatment, hydrolysis reaction, separation, purification, decolorization, impurity removal, and packaging.