1,3-Butadiene can be used to produce synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, nylon, etc. This dataset includes primary raw materials, energy, and waste from the production process; production equipment, building construction, and other infrastructures are not included within the boundaries of the dataset. The data inventory is derived from literature data. The production process of 1,3-butadiene includes raw material preparation, dehydration reaction, catalyst selection, coupling reaction, product separation, and purification operations.