aluminum oxide can be used to produce refractory materials, electronic substrates, and to electrochemically produce metal aluminum, among other fields; this dataset includes primary raw materials, auxiliary materials, energy, atmospheric emissions, and waste from the production process. Infrastructure such as production equipment and plant construction is not within the boundary of this dataset; the data inventory comes from literature and has been optimized according to the best available information in 2022. The process of producing aluminum oxide by the Bayer process includes procedures such as raw material pulping, pre-desilication, dissolution, red mud separation, seed decomposition, and calcination of aluminum hydroxide.