Waste lead-acid batteries generally come from scrapped cars and electric bicycles. Based on structural and functional differences, lead-acid batteries can be divided into automotive (flooded type) lead-acid batteries, motive (starved electrolyte) lead-acid batteries, and other types. Waste lead-acid batteries contain 30% to 40% (by weight) waste lead paste, mainly composed of PbSO4. PbSO4 has a low solubility and does not dissolve in common acids like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Carbonates and alkalis are the most commonly used reagents for desulfurization of waste lead paste. In this dataset, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide are used as desulfurizers added to the lead paste for desulfurization, followed by pressure filtration. The recovery process of anhydrous sodium sulfate can be carried out in the filtrate, and the reaction process will produce filter residue, steam, and wastewater from centrifugal separation. This dataset applies to the desulfurization process of lead paste from waste lead-acid batteries.