This dataset describes the extraction of raw coal. Coal mining methods in China can be divided into two main categories: open-pit mining and underground mining, with specific choices depending on geological conditions, thickness, and burial depth of the coal seams. Open-pit mining includes drilling, blasting, excavation, crushing, transportation, waste disposal, pollution treatment, and ecological restoration. Underground mining includes driving headings, coal extraction, mechanical equipment, underground and in-plant transportation, ventilation, pollution treatment, and ecological restoration and management.

The province of Shaanxi has abundant coal resources with a full range of coal varieties and excellent quality. These resources are distributed across five major coalfields: the Carboniferous-Permian coalfields of Northern Shaanxi, the Carboniferous-Permian coalfields of Weibei, the Triassic coalfields of Northern Shaanxi, the Jurassic coalfields of Northern Shaanxi, and the Jurassic coalfields of Huanglong. These coalfields are characterized by simple geological structures and large reserves, accounting for more than 99% of the provinces total coal resources. Among them, low-grade coals such as long-flame coal, non-caking coal, and weakly caking coal account for 65% of the identified reserves, followed by gas coal, lean coal, and poor coal, while fat coal, coking coal, and anthracite are very rare. The raw coal quality is characterized by ash content of 6.12~43.57%, volatile matter of 4.68~53.54%, and total sulfur content of 0.23~7%. 57%, Qnet,ar lower heating value on as-received basis is 4037~7045 kcal/kg. The ash content of premium coal is 2.84~22.17%, volatile matter is 7.06~44.61%, carbon content is 76.84~95.78%, and Qnet,ar lower heating value on as-received basis is 7324~8694 kcal/kg.