Gate to Gate
Identity ID
0dfb172e-2c6a-4861-895a-f93c505c3a0e
Process class
Associated ID
7fd6138e-379e-44e1-b71d-ab3506dbbf7d
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Tempering is a heat treatment process in which quenched metal is reheated to a specific temperature below the lower critical temperature, held for a certain period, and then cooled. The purpose is to eliminate residual stresses generated during quenching, reduce the hardness and strength of the metal, and improve the material's ductility and toughness. This process represents the tempering of 1 kg of steel, yielding 0.997 kg of tempered steel, and should be used in conjunction with production data for 1 kg of steel. The data are sourced from the production processes of bearings, steel shot, cutting blades, rollers, and other mechanical and electrical equipment components.
Activity Description
The tempering process includes heating, heat preservation, and cooling. This dataset includes the direct electricity consumption of the machine.
Process Description
Tempering is a heat treatment process in which a quenched metal is reheated to a certain temperature below the lower critical temperature, held for a specific period of time, and then cooled. Its purpose is to eliminate residual stresses generated during quenching, reduce the hardness and strength of the metal, and improve the ductility and toughness of the material. This process represents the tempering of 1 kg of steel, yielding 0.997 kg of tempered steel, and should be used in conjunction with the production data for 1 kg of steel.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The heating temperature during tempering is generally determined based on the type of material and processing requirements. It should usually not exceed the critical temperature of the material, and sufficient heating time must be ensured to achieve uniform internal temperature distribution. The holding time should not be too short, typically ranging from 2 to 3 hours, and can be adjusted according to specific processing requirements. To meet different cooling rate requirements, components are usually quenched in water or rapidly cooled in air. In this process, natural air cooling is adopted. If other coolants are used for cooling the components, the carbon footprint associated with the coolant usage must be considered.