Molybdenum plated back-electrode glass can be used as a substrate for thin-film solar cells; this dataset includes primary raw materials, auxiliary materials, energy use, atmospheric emissions, waterborne emissions, and waste from the production process. Infrastructure such as manufacturing of production equipment and construction of facilities is not included within the system boundary of the dataset. Data are sourced from the referenced literature, whose life cycle inventory is based on survey data from multiple enterprises in China. The production of molybdenum plated back-electrode glass comprises float glass production (melting, tin bath forming, annealing, and cold-end treatment) and the molybdenum coating process.