This dataset is a market activity dataset, representing a combination of provincial 'hematite ore' markets within the Southwest region of China, i.e., the 'hematite ore' market group in the Southwest region. Transport losses, transportation vehicles, and transportation infrastructure are not included in this dataset; they are contained in the respective provincial market datasets. The Southwest region of China includes: Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Xizang. Data references include the China Communications Yearbook, China Energy Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, and customs statistics from the General Administration of Customs.