The production of precision thick-film chip resistors involves processes such as conductor printing, resistive element printing, glass printing, sintering, laser trimming, wafer dicing, sputter coating, chipping, termination plating, and testing; the production of precision alloy chip resistors includes processes such as raw material pretreatment, electron beam welding, stamping and forming, laser trimming, plastic encapsulation, laser marking, stamping and singulation, plating, and inspection.