Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
2a551342-e5df-481d-a72e-8d34fa5012b9
Materials
Associated ID
b882cde2-68c7-428e-ae9d-e596282f8409
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the underground mining of magnetite ore in Liaoning. It provides a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) from rock drilling to the production of magnetite ore, covering all activities associated with magnetite mining production, but excluding the production of drilling rigs, transport equipment, etc., as well as direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from personnel commuting and daily office operations during the mining production process. The dataset was developed by consolidating data from multiple sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and is representative of the average production level of underground magnetite mining in Liaoning.
Activity Description
This dataset describes the underground mining of iron ore in Liaoning, with the following process flow:
1. Rock Drilling
Rock drilling is the process of boring holes into the underground ore body in preparation for blasting. Drilling machines (such as drill rigs) are used to create boreholes in the ore body for loading explosives. The accuracy and efficiency of drilling directly influence the effectiveness of subsequent blasting and the overall mining efficiency.
2. Blasting
Blasting involves detonating explosives loaded into pre-drilled holes to fragment the ore. Through blasting, the ore is broken down into smaller pieces suitable for loading and transportation. Blasting operations require precise control of explosive quantity and detonation timing to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and operational safety.
3. Loading
Loading is the process of loading broken ore into mine trucks or other transport equipment. Equipment such as loaders and excavators are used to load the ore. The efficiency of loading is crucial for subsequent transportation and mining progress.
4. Transportation
Underground ore transportation is the process of moving the loaded ore to the hoisting point. Transportation methods include mine cars, electric carts, or belt conveyors. The transportation system must be properly designed to ensure the safe and efficient delivery of ore.
5. Hoisting
Hoisting is the process of transporting underground ore to the surface through a hoisting system. Hoists or lifting equipment are primarily used to raise the ore to the surface. The safety and efficiency of the hoisting equipment directly affect the overall mining operation.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of ensuring airflow in underground mines to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases. The ventilation system includes fans, air ducts, and air regulation devices, ensuring a suitable working environment underground.
7. Drainage
Underground mine drainage is the process of managing accumulated water within a mine, including groundwater and seepage. Drainage pumps, pipelines, and related equipment are used to remove the accumulated water, preventing its adverse effects on mining operations and equipment.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials in modern industry and infrastructure development. China is the world's largest steel producer and has enormous demand for iron ore. Based on the natural types of ore and ore processing technological properties, ores are classified into three categories according to the TFe/FeO ratio. Among them, magnetite ore (TFe/FeO ≤ 3.5): steel-gray to dark gray, granular texture, with massive, banded, spotted, or disseminated structure.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Liaoning
Geography comment
Forming Liaoning's average data through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The process of underground iron ore mining includes procedures such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, hoisting, ventilation, and drainage.