This dataset represents the average power generation of conventional hydropower in Guizhou, China. Its data are obtained by weighted aggregation of the local production datasets for reservoir-dam-type and run-of-river hydropower. For reservoir-dam-type hydropower, hydropower stations can be classified by installed capacity into small (<50 MW), medium (≥50, <300 MW) and large (≥ 300 MW) types; limited by data availability, only the power generation data of the medium and large station types are included. The relevant parameters are set according to design specification standards, i.e. the technical service life of small hydropower projects is 30 years, that of medium hydropower projects is 50 years, and that of large hydropower projects is 100 years; the power generation data are collected in a bottom-up manner. For run-of-river hydropower, the power generation is derived by deducting the generation of pumped storage and reservoir-dam-type hydropower stations from the total regional hydropower generation, and the design life of an average-scale station is set at 50 years. The data are mainly derived from official statistics.