This dataset represents the transport service of providing 1 tonne over a distance of 1 km by a freight truck with a gross mass of 4.5-12t and China IV emission stage. The average cargo load of this medium truck is 8 tonnes; this value is referenced from the literature "Life Cycle Comparative Analysis of Major Domestic Transportation Modes". The average load factor is 60%, a value taken from the "Big Data Carbon Emission Report of China Road Freight Transport". Fuel consumption and the main emissions (nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, methane, volatile organic compounds) are calculated based on multiple references combined with the gasoline consumption of this light truck per unit product under unit transport distance. The truck size and load factor determine the GVW, and therefore also determine the fuel consumption as well as the exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. The exhaust emissions caused by fuel combustion depend on the fuel (fuel type and quantity) or on the emission stage. The latter reflects the emission regulations with which the vehicle complies. For the road infrastructure, the expenditures and environmental interventions arising from road construction are allocated according to the total tonne-kilometre performance. The expenditures for road infrastructure operation and land use have been allocated according to the annual vehicle-kilometres.