Rapeseed oil is an edible oil extracted from rapeseed. This dataset includes key raw materials, energy inputs, atmospheric emissions, waterborne emissions, and waste generated during the production process. Infrastructure such as production equipment and factory construction is excluded from the system boundary of the dataset. The life cycle inventory for rapeseed oil processing was compiled from multiple data sources. Data for the agricultural cultivation phase were based on domestic average values from the "China Agricultural Product Cost and Return Statistical Yearbook" (2008-2017). Agricultural pollutant emission data were derived from the "First National Survey of Pollution Sources: Handbook of Fertilizer Loss Coefficients for Agricultural Pollution Sources" and the "First National Survey of Pollution Source census; Manual of Pesticide Loss Coefficients for Agricultural Pollution Sources, revised according to the annual China Agricultural Product Cost and Return Statistical Yearbook and the Consumer Price Index. rapeseed oil production includes agricultural cultivation processes (sowing, irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting of rapeseed) and industrial processing.