This dataset is a market activity dataset, covering the average transportation distance of the thermal coal market in the northwest region. In China, coal is primarily transported via railway, waterway, and highway. The average coal transportation loss has also been included. Data sources include the China Transportation Yearbook, China Energy Statistical Yearbook, Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook, Ningxia Statistical Yearbook, Gansu Statistical Yearbook, Qinghai Statistical Yearbook, Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook, and customs statistics from the General Administration of Customs.