Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
4448e1ac-2921-47e8-bf09-ab2c0bf79162
Materials
Associated ID
dbc89cdd-7870-4b2c-9862-86b002a11795
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
The dataset includes a hybrid technique of hot water flooding and steam flooding, with the technological share for crude oil production in China being 20% for hot water flooding and 80% for steam flooding, representing an average production mix in China.
Hot water flooding technology: Water is heated to a certain temperature before being injected into the reservoir, increasing the reservoir temperature, altering the physical properties of crude oil, reducing viscosity, improving fluidity, and thereby enhancing recovery efficiency.
Steam flooding technology: This technique is primarily applied in the development of heavy oil reservoirs. By injecting high-temperature steam into the reservoir, the viscosity of crude oil is reduced and its fluidity is improved, facilitating extraction. Heavy oil reservoirs refer to reservoirs where the viscosity of crude oil under reservoir conditions exceeds 50 mPa·s. The crude oil in heavy oil reservoirs has high viscosity and poor fluidity, making it difficult to extract. The net calorific value of crude oil is 43.4 MJ/kg, and the average calorific value of natural gas is 36 MJ/Sm³.
Activity Description
This dataset represents offshore extraction of oil and natural gas from heavy oil fields using a combination of hot water flooding and steam flooding techniques. The process includes oil production and surface processing stages. The oil production phase involves lifting oil and gas to the surface using pumping units to bring crude oil and natural gas from underground reservoirs. Surface processing mainly includes three-phase separation of oil, gas, and water, as well as transportation of oil and gas.
Process Description
Crude oil (heavy oil) is a fossil fuel with a net calorific value of 43.4 MJ/kg. The density of crude oil varies depending on the characteristics of the oil field, and its relative density typically ranges from 0.75 to 0.95 g/cm³. Crude oil is primarily produced through underground extraction. It is mainly used as a feedstock in refineries for the production of various fuels and petrochemical products.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology