Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
4a4bdea9-7c0b-47ab-aebd-ef265c88d926
Materials
Associated ID
8fd3b51e-3879-4fc6-9cbc-571b83603344
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents a product that is manganese carbonate ore, with the chemical formula MnCO₃, a sedimentary or hydrothermal manganese mineral, occurring in massive, granular or earthy forms, with a theoretical manganese grade of approximately 47.8% and an industrially mineable ore manganese grade generally above 18%–30%, accompanied by impurities such as iron, calcium, magnesium and silicon, with a hardness of 3–4, a density of approximately 3.1–3.7 g/cm³, insoluble in water, soluble in acid with release of carbon dioxide. It is the main raw material for refining metallic manganese and manganese alloys, and can also be directly used as a metallurgical auxiliary material, chemical catalyst and battery-material precursor. The upstream is the geological body of the manganese carbonate ore deposit and mining preparation work, and the downstream is the demand for manganese raw materials from industries such as metallurgy, chemicals and new energy. Within the system boundary, sub-processes include open-pit or underground mining of manganese carbonate ore, drilling and blasting, excavation and transport, coarse and intermediate crushing, screening, beneficiation and impurity removal, concentrate concentration and dewatering, drying, and finished-product stockpiling and external sale, as well as environmental and resource supporting links such as waste-rock disposal and reclamation, tailings-pond management, mine-water purification, and dust collection and suppression; however, it does not include the subsequent smelting and processing of manganese ore (such as roasting and reduction to produce metallic manganese), the deep processing of metallic manganese into alloys or chemical products, nor the long-distance railway and port transport outside the mine site, or production-equipment manufacturing and plant and infrastructure construction. The data sources integrate industry-average indicators, on-site measured data from mining enterprises, and professional literature on mining engineering and mineral processing; for multi-process co-production and the output of waste rock and tailings, data are split using the mass-allocation method combined with ore-grade variation and recovery rates. The dataset includes the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy and wastes in the production process; infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and plant construction is not included within the boundary of the dataset; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources.
Activity Description
The entire production process includes the manganese carbonate ore mining process.
Process Description
Manganese carbonate ore is a manganese ore with manganese carbonate (MnCO3) as the main component. It is pink, rose red or brown in color, has glass to pearl luster, has a hardness of about 3.5-4.5, and a density of about 3.5-3.7 g/cm3. Its manganese content is generally around 30%-40%, and the ore is brittle and easy to crush and grind. The chemical properties of manganese carbonate ore are relatively stable, but it will decompose at high temperatures to form manganese oxide and carbon dioxide. It is one of the important manganese resources. Industrially, manganese carbonate ore is often used to produce electrolytic manganese metal, manganese dioxide, ferromanganese alloys, etc. It is also an important raw material for the chemical, ceramic and electronic industries.
Time period
2020
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Generated by merging multiple source data sets in this geographical location.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The production stage of electrolytic manganese metal includes a series of production processes, which can be roughly divided into three steps, namely, leaching of manganese ore (i.e., raw material processing and leaching), removal of impurities (i.e., neutralization to remove iron, press filtration, sulfidation to remove heavy metals, adsorption and standing of the solution after sulfidation), and electrolysis (i.e., electrolysis process and electrolytic manganese post-treatment process).