Mining techniques include two methods: underground mining and open-pit mining. Underground mining involves extracting ore bodies beneath the surface, generally including the excavation of horizontal and inclined shafts, followed by ore extraction and transportation underground. This requires the use of blasting, drilling, and other equipment to extract the ore, which is then transported to the surface via hoisting systems. Open-pit mining extracts ore bodies at the surface and is typically used for shallow deposits. This method includes processes such as blasting, excavation, and loading.