Coal-based synthetic natural gas refers to synthetic natural gas produced from mined raw coal through a gasification process, which can be used as vehicle fuel. This dataset includes primary raw and auxiliary materials, energy, atmospheric emissions, water discharges, and waste generated during the production process. Infrastructure such as production equipment and factory construction, as well as materials and energy consumed during decommissioning, are excluded from the system boundary of this dataset. The life cycle inventory data are sourced from literature. The production process of coal-based synthetic natural gas includes coal gasification, purification, and methanation.