Cradle to Consumer
Identity ID
54997b7e-33f4-498f-be00-e39fd22801e6
Materials
Associated ID
751edc70-04eb-4c70-9691-ecc66934a08d
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset is a market dataset, representing the consumption market of the region; the dataset includes the transport of the product from the gate to the consumer end, and the transport service is calculated according to the transport situation of this product in this region. Tin tetrachloride is widely used in fields such as organic synthesis, electroplating and metal processing, the glass and ceramics industry, chemical synthesis and the textile industry. Tin tetrachloride is modelled as a pure substance; when modelling this substance the user needs to add a solvent of their choice in the model; the dataset contains the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy, waste and atmospheric emissions of the production process, in which the waste gas treatment process is included within the dataset boundary, and infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and the construction of plant buildings is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources; the production activities of this product include tin block crushing, liquid chlorine vaporisation, reaction, distillation and cooling.
Activity Description
The boundaries of production activities begin when raw materials enter the factory gate.
Process Description
Tin tetrachloride has the chemical formula SnCl4 and CAS number 7646-78-8. At ambient temperature and pressure, it is a colorless, fuming liquid with a strong pungent odor. It has a melting point of approximately -33°C, a boiling point of approximately 114°C, and a density of approximately 2.23 g/cm3. It reacts violently with water and releases substantial heat, producing stannic acid and hydrochloric acid. It is readily soluble in most organic solvents, including ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride. It is chemically reactive, strongly corrosive, and hygroscopic. On exposure to air, it rapidly hydrolyzes and produces hydrogen chloride fumes; it decomposes in contact with alkalis and acts as a Lewis acid in various organic reactions. It is mainly used in organic synthesis as an esterification catalyst and as an initiator or stabilizer in polymerization, as well as in electroplating and metal processing. It is also used in the glass, ceramics, textile, and chemical industries, including as a mordant in textile processing.
Time period
2016
2026
Geography
China,Hainan
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The tin chloride method is the core mainstream technology for the production of tin tetrachloride. It is produced through the direct reaction of metallic tin and chlorine. The product has high purity and stable yield. It accounts for more than 90% of the total tin tetrachloride production in the country. Use tin block and chlorine gas as raw materials to prepare tin tetrachloride products:
1. Tin block crushing: Use a crusher to break the tin block into tin blocks about 2cm in size.
2. Liquid chlorine gasification: The liquid chlorine coming out of the liquid phase of the liquid chlorine cylinder enters the vaporizer through the pneumatic regulating valve to be gasified, and then transported to the production workshop through the buffer tank.
3. Reaction + first distillation: Add the tin block into the reaction kettle containing the tin tetrachloride mother liquor, and pass chlorine gas into the reaction kettle. The reaction is an exothermic reaction. Since the boiling point of tin tetrachloride is only 114.1°C, tin tetrachloride boils directly. The reaction process controls the slow introduction of chlorine gas to prevent the temperature from being too high and causing boiling overflow. The tin tetrachloride fraction is condensed into a liquid state through the cooling tube (peripheral sleeve of circulating cooling water) and discharged to the immersion kettle. Excess tin blocks are put into the immersion kettle. If there is excess chlorine, it will react in the immersion kettle to generate tin tetrachloride.
4. Second distillation: Open the valve of the dip kettle and let it flow to the second distillation kettle. It is heated by an electric thermal oil furnace to boil the tin tetrachloride in the kettle. The tin tetrachloride fraction is condensed into a liquid state through the cooling pipe (peripheral sleeve of circulating cooling water) and discharged to the receiving tank.
5. Cooling: The tin tetrachloride liquid naturally cools down in the receiving tank.