Cradle to Consumer
Identity ID
5ca16a7e-dc79-4e4b-b4b1-98355f642b09
Materials
Associated ID
430b1780-2132-43cf-9421-2c4f885e9394
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This is a market dataset representing the consumption market in the region. It includes transportation of the product from the factory gate to consumption, with transport services calculated according to the regional transportation conditions for the product.
Activity Description
The production process of steel billets includes steps such as converter smelting, molten steel refining, and casting and shaping of molten steel, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions during the production process.
Process Description
Billets are primary products obtained by casting molten steel from steel-making furnaces, typically in the form of slabs (for producing sheet materials), blooms (for producing profiles and wire rods), and tube billets. They are important semi-finished products in the steel industry, possessing good plasticity and workability. Billets serve as raw materials for downstream processes and can be transformed through rolling, forging, drawing, and other processing methods into finished steel products of various specifications and shapes, such as steel plates, steel pipes, and steel bars. In industries including construction, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, and automotive manufacturing, billets are widely used to produce various components and structural materials. Stainless steel billets are the primary form in the stainless steel manufacturing process and are typically further processed into various stainless steel products.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Steelmaking processes mainly include basic oxygen steelmaking and electric arc furnace steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a common steel production method, in which impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus are removed from molten steel through high-temperature combustion and oxygen blowing. By controlling the amount of oxygen blown in and the processing time, the oxygen atmosphere and reaction conditions inside the furnace are regulated, thus controlling the composition and quality of the alloy. Subsequently, the molten and refined steel is transferred via ladle to a turret. After the turret rotates to the casting position, the molten steel is poured into a tundish, which then distributes the steel through nozzles into individual molds. After cooling and solidification, shaped crude steel billets are formed. Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is a steelmaking method that utilizes the thermal effect of an electric arc to heat and melt charge materials. Electrical energy is fed into the EAF through graphite electrodes, with the arc generated between the electrode tips and the charge serving as the heat source for steelmaking. EAF steelmaking primarily uses scrap steel as raw material, along with auxiliary materials such as alloys, lime, and carbon raisers. The basic process of EAF steelmaking includes slag removal and furnace patching, charging of metallic materials, power supply, melting, oxidation, reduction refining, and tapping. In this unit process, the scrap steel ratio for electric arc furnace steelmaking is approximately 30%.