Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
5d7e56a1-0112-4dca-ba26-a8fbd9162fff
Materials
Associated ID
ea894a55-d0bd-4250-a906-aff2be5992f0
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the life cycle inventory of raw coal production from the starting point of open-pit coal mining to the gate (cradle-to-gate), covering all activities related to raw coal production, but excluding coal preparation processes, as well as direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production of equipment such as conveyors and mining vehicles, personnel travel during coal production, and daily office operations. The dataset, formed by merging data from multiple sources based on national standards such as "Clean Production Standard for Coal Mining and Preparation Industry" (HJ 446-2008), "Emission Standards of Pollutants for Coal Industry", and "Soil Environmental Quality Standards" of the People's Republic of China, represents the average production level in Liaoning.
Activity Description
This dataset describes the open-pit mining of raw coal, with the following process steps:
Drilling: Holes are drilled on the mining face of the mining area according to the ore body distribution and mining design, typically using large-scale drilling rigs. The primary purpose of drilling is to prepare channels for blasting operations.
Blasting: Blasting involves filling the drilled holes with explosives and detonating them to fracture the ore or rock. This process produces broken rock fragments, facilitating subsequent loading operations.
Loading: Large excavation equipment (such as electric shovels or hydraulic excavators) is used to load the blasted ore or rock onto transport vehicles. The selection of excavation and loading equipment usually depends on the deposit size and geological conditions.
Crushing: Ore or rock is initially crushed to facilitate subsequent transportation or further processing. Crushing is typically carried out at the mining site or temporary crushing stations, aiming to reduce ore particle size and improve transport efficiency.
Haulage: Haulage refers to the process of transporting ore or waste rock from the mining area to designated locations, usually using large trucks, belt conveyors, or railways. The choice of haulage routes and equipment depends on the mine scale and transportation distance.
Dumping: Dumping is the process of transporting overburden, waste rock, or other non-mineralized materials to waste dumps. Spoil heaps are typically located around the periphery of mines, and their stability and environmental impacts must be considered.
Pollutant Treatment and Disposal: Waste materials, dust, and wastewater generated during open-pit mining operations require proper treatment. Dust is usually suppressed by water sprinkling, while wastewater is treated through sedimentation tanks and chemical processes before discharge, ensuring compliance with environmental standards.
Ecological Restoration and Remediation: Environmental damage caused by mining activities must be addressed through ecological restoration measures, including topsoil reclamation, vegetation restoration, and soil and water conservation. The goal of ecological restoration is to recover the natural ecosystem of the mined area and minimize long-term impacts on the surrounding environment.
Process Description
Liaoning Province has a complete range of coal types with high-quality coal, including lignite, long-flame coal, gas coal, fat coal, coking coal, lean coal,贫煤, anthracite, and weakly caking coal, among which long-flame coal is the dominant type, accounting for 41% of the total. 6%, followed by gas coal and lignite.
Long-flame coal is mainly distributed in the Fuxin coalfield, Tiefahuo coalfield, Kangping coalfield, Nanpiao coalfield, the southwestern part of Beipiao coalfield, and Badahao coalfield.
Fatty coal, coking coal, and lean coal are mainly distributed in the northern part of the Hongyang coalfield, Benxi coalfield, the northeastern part of Beipiao coalfield, Fushun Majiazi mining area, and Fengcheng Saima mining area.
Poor coal and gas coal are mainly distributed in Fushun coalfield, the southwestern part of Tiefahuo coalfield, and the southwestern part of Beipiao coalfield.
Anthracite is mainly distributed in the southern part of Hongyang coalfield, the eastern part of Benxi coalfield, and Yantai coalfield.
Weakly caking coal is mainly distributed in the Nanpiao coalfield.
Lignite is mainly distributed in the Shenbei coalfield.
Ash content 4. 8~38%, volatile matter 20~48%, carbon content 77.82~83.63%, total sulfur 0.27~1.99%, Qnet,ar net calorific value on as-received basis 3000~7843 kcal/kg.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Liaoning
Geography comment
Formed Liaoning average data through data merging from multiple sources.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Open-pit mining includes drilling, blasting, loading, crushing, transportation, waste dumping, pollutant treatment and disposal, and ecological restoration and management.