Cradle to Consumer
Identity ID
638daa93-0174-4ab4-9f93-7cfdc98280b4
Materials
Associated ID
97025e2b-f330-486d-92ed-4a7f3b6df10d
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset is a market dataset representing the consumption market of the region. The dataset includes the transport of the product from the gate to the consumption end, and the transport service is calculated based on the transport situation of the product in the region. The product represented by this dataset is tungsten powder, a metallic tungsten powder product prepared from ammonium paratungstate through pyrolysis and reduction processes, grey-black in powder form with a metallic lustre, and with a body-centred cubic crystal structure; tungsten powder has a melting point as high as about 3400℃ and a boiling point of about 5555℃, being one of the metal categories with the highest melting point, and its hardness is extremely high—the hardness of sintered tungsten bars can reach 200–250, and the hardness of processed tungsten rods can reach 350–400. Tungsten powder has stable chemical properties, is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in nitric acid, sulfuric acid and aqua regia, soluble in a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and can react with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the molten state. The upstream raw material of the product is ammonium paratungstate; downstream it is the core basic raw material for preparing tungsten processing materials, tungsten-based alloys and various tungsten products, widely used in fields such as cemented carbide, aerospace high-temperature-resistant components, precision cutting tools, metallurgical electrodes, and military equipment, being the core basic powder raw material in the tungsten deep-processing industry chain. The dataset includes the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy and waste of the production process; infrastructure such as production equipment manufacturing and plant construction is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources.
Activity Description
APT is used as raw material and calcined in a tungsten oxide calcining furnace to produce blue tungsten oxide powder and purple tungsten oxide powder respectively, which are then transferred to the next process for tungsten powder production. Using blue tungsten oxide powder (or purple tungsten oxide powder) as raw material, hydrogen reduction is carried out in a four-tube furnace and a fourteen-tube pusher-type electrothermal reduction furnace, where the materials are electrically heated to a reduction temperature of 750–950°C to obtain tungsten powder.
Process Description
Tungsten powder is metallic tungsten in the form of gray-black powder with metallic luster and a body-centered cubic crystal structure. Its melting point is as high as about 3400°C and its boiling point is about 5555°C. It is one of the highest melting points among metals. Tungsten has extremely high hardness. The hardness of sintered tungsten bars can reach 200-250, and the hardness of processed tungsten rods can reach 350-400. Tungsten powder has stable chemical properties, is insoluble in water, is slightly soluble in nitric acid, sulfuric acid and aqua regia, is soluble in mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and can react with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the molten state. Tungsten has two variants, α-type and β-type. The α-type has a body-centered cubic structure that is stable at room temperature and pressure, while the β-type only appears in an oxygen-containing environment and is stable below 630°C. If it exceeds this temperature, it will irreversibly transform into the α-type. Tungsten powder is an important raw material for preparing tungsten processing materials, tungsten alloys and various tungsten products.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China,Yunnan
Geography comment
Generated by merging multiple data sets in this geographical location.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
APT is used as raw material and is calcined in a tungsten oxide calcining furnace to produce blue tungsten oxide powder and purple tungsten oxide powder respectively, which are then transferred to the next process to produce tungsten powder. Using blue tungsten oxide powder (or purple tungsten oxide powder) as raw material, hydrogen is passed through a four-tube furnace and a fourteen-tube pusher electrothermal reduction furnace, and electrically heated to a reduction temperature of 750~950°C to obtain tungsten powder.