Cradle to Consumer
Identity ID
64473663-c53b-4e2b-9b8f-ea0ceb9b8b2f
Materials
Associated ID
00f8f14d-c8c1-48c2-b32d-ef9389a25014
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This is a market dataset representing the consumption market in the region. It includes transportation of the product from the factory gate to consumption, with transport services calculated according to the regional transportation conditions for the product.
Activity Description
The production process of billets includes electric arc furnace smelting, molten steel refining, as well as casting and shaping of molten steel, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions required during the production process.
Process Description
Billets are primary products obtained by casting molten steel from steel-making furnaces, typically in the form of slabs (for producing plates), blooms (for structural and wire products), and tube rounds. They are important semi-finished products in the steel industry, exhibiting good plasticity and workability. Billets serve as raw materials for downstream processes and can be further processed through rolling, forging, drawing, and other techniques into finished steel products of various specifications and shapes, such as steel plates, steel tubes, and steel bars. Q235 steel is a commonly used carbon structural steel with good weldability, ductility, and cold-forming capability.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China,Hebei
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is a method of steel production that utilizes the thermal effect of an electric arc to heat and melt raw materials. Electrical energy is introduced into the electric arc furnace through graphite electrodes, with the electric arc formed between the electrode tips and the charge serving as the heat source. EAF steelmaking primarily uses scrap steel as the main raw material, supplemented by alloys, lime, carbon raisers, and other auxiliary materials. The basic EAF steelmaking process includes slag removal and refractory lining repair, charging of metallic raw materials, power supply, melting, oxidation, reduction refining, and tapping. In this unit process, the scrap steel ratio in electric furnace steelmaking is approximately 40%.