This process refers to the production activity of removing 1 kg of steel through machining. Rough turning primarily removes the majority of the material allowance from the surface of the workpiece, typically without stringent requirements on product dimensions or surface roughness; thus, the cutting depth and feed rate should be selected as large as possible within allowable limits. If the weight of steel removed during the rough turning process is not specified, an average assumption of "0.276 kg of steel scrap generated per 1 kg of final product" can be used. The data are derived from the production processes of bearings, rolls, gear shafts, flanges, pump heads, couplings, and other electromechanical equipment attachments.