Cradle to Consumer
Identity ID
84477e21-7d34-43e2-a36d-8e4fa7f1e9df
Materials
Associated ID
dbc89cdd-7870-4b2c-9862-86b002a11795
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset is a market aggregate, comprising the markets of each province in South China. Transportation losses, transport vehicles, and transportation infrastructure are not included in this dataset; they are covered in the respective provincial market datasets. South China includes: Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan.
Process Description
Crude oil (heavy oil) is a fossil fuel with a net calorific value of 43.4 MJ/kg. The density of crude oil varies depending on the characteristics of the oil field, and its relative density typically ranges from 0.75 to 0.95 g/cm³. Crude oil is primarily produced through underground extraction. It is mainly used as a feedstock in refineries for the production of various fuels and petrochemical products.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,South China
Geography comment
The data from provinces within the region are combined to form it.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The hybrid technology includes a combination of hot water flooding and steam flooding techniques. In China, the technology share for crude oil production is 80% hot water flooding and 20% steam flooding, representing an average production mix in China. Hot water flooding: Water is heated to a certain temperature before being injected into the oil reservoir, increasing reservoir temperature, altering the physical properties of crude oil, reducing viscosity, improving fluidity, and thereby enhancing recovery efficiency. Steam flooding: This technique is primarily used in the development of heavy oil reservoirs. By injecting high-temperature steam into the reservoir, the viscosity of the crude oil is reduced, its fluidity is improved, thus facilitating extraction. Heavy oil reservoirs refer to reservoirs where the viscosity of the stored crude oil under reservoir conditions exceeds 50 mPa·s. The crude oil in heavy oil reservoirs has high viscosity, poor fluidity, and is difficult to extract.