Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure. China is the world's largest steel producer and has huge demand for iron ore. However, China's iron ore resources are characterized by low grade and high impurities, necessitating beneficiation before most of the ore can be used. Magnetic separation is the main beneficiation technology for Chinese iron ore, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes including roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate.