Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
9a5695b6-d919-4e6a-a011-fe0e24b995f1
Materials
Associated ID
2ac73046-6245-4a93-a3c5-0005873a6c43
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
The product represented by this dataset is tin concentrate, a tin-rich mineral product obtained from tin raw ore through beneficiation processes such as crushing, grinding, and gravity separation for enrichment and purification. The tin content is 45%, and the impurity components are mainly elements such as iron, silicon, tungsten, and copper. It mostly appears as brownish-black to grey-black sandy particles or powder, with physical properties such as high specific gravity and hardness. It is chemically stable, not readily oxidized or dissolved at room temperature, and has relatively weak electrical conductivity and magnetism, making it the core raw material suitable for extracting tin metal by the smelting method. The upstream feedstock of this product is tin raw ore, and downstream it serves as the core feed for the tin smelting process, from which tin metal and tin-based alloys can be prepared by smelting. It is a key intermediate mineral product that links upstream and downstream in the tin metallurgy industry chain. The dataset includes the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy, and waste in the production process; infrastructure such as the manufacturing of production equipment and the construction of plants is not included within the dataset boundary. The data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources.
Activity Description
The tin beneficiation process includes crushing, ball milling, fine screening, flotation, shaking table primary separation, shaking table scavenging, and shaking table cleaning. The entire process covers from tin raw ore to tin concentrate.
Process Description
Tin concentrate is a tin-rich mineral product extracted from tin raw ore through processes such as crushing, grinding, and gravity separation. Its tin content is approximately 45%, with impurities mainly consisting of iron, silicon, tungsten, copper, and other elements. It typically appears as a dark brown to gray-black sandy or powdery material with a high specific gravity, stable chemical properties, and resistance to oxidation or dissolution at room temperature. Tin concentrate is hard in texture, has weak electrical conductivity and magnetism, and is suitable for extracting metallic tin through smelting.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Generated by merging multiple data sets in this geographical location.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The tin beneficiation process flow includes crushing, ball milling, fine screening, flotation, shaking table roughing, scavenging, and cleaning. First, the raw ore is crushed through crushing and ball milling to achieve dissociation of useful mineral monomers, and then finely screened and classified to ensure qualified particle size. Then, flotation is used to preferentially remove easily floatable sulfides and other impurities, creating favorable conditions for subsequent gravity separation. The flotation product enters the gravity separation stage with shaking tables as the core. Through roughing, a large amount of tailings is discarded and a coarse concentrate is obtained. Scavenging recovers residual fine tin to improve the overall recovery rate. Finally, the coarse concentrate is purified through cleaning, resulting in a high-grade qualified tin concentrate.