Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
9ccb7b33-2f58-49cd-ba6a-be09171c333a
Materials
Associated ID
f8e99336-1c66-444e-8189-fee1a9cb06b1
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents iron ore mined underground in Liaoning. It covers the life cycle inventory cradle-to-gate, starting from drilling to the production of iron ore, including all activities related to iron ore mining and production, but excluding the production of drilling rigs, transportation equipment, personnel travel during mining operations, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from daily office operations. The dataset was formed by consolidating data from multiple sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)'. It represents the average production level of underground iron ore mining in Liaoning.
Activity Description
This dataset describes underground iron ore mining in Liaoning, and its process flow is as follows:
1. Rock Drilling
Rock drilling is the process of boring holes into underground ore bodies in preparation for blasting. Drilling equipment (such as drill jumbos) is used to create boreholes in the ore body for charging with explosives. The accuracy and efficiency of rock drilling directly affect the subsequent blasting effectiveness and overall mining efficiency.
2. Blasting
Blasting involves detonating explosives loaded into pre-drilled holes to fragment the ore. Through blasting, the ore is broken down into smaller pieces suitable for excavation and transportation. Blasting operations require precise control of explosive quantity and detonation timing to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and operational safety.
3. Shoveling
Shoveling is the process of loading broken ore into mine trucks or other transportation equipment. Loading machines such as loaders and excavators are used for loading ore. The efficiency of shoveling is critical to subsequent transportation and mining progress.
4. Transportation
Underground ore transportation is the process of moving loaded ore to hoisting points. Transportation methods include mine cars, electric carts, or belt conveyors. The transportation system must be designed rationally to ensure safe and efficient ore delivery.
5. Hoisting
Hoisting is the process of transporting underground ore to the surface through a hoisting system. Hoists or lifting equipment are primarily used to raise the ore to the surface. The safety and efficiency of the hoisting equipment directly affect the overall mining operation.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of ensuring air circulation in underground mines to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases. The ventilation system includes fans, airways, and air regulation devices, ensuring a suitable working environment underground.
7. Drainage
Drainage in underground mining refers to the process of removing accumulated water, including groundwater and seepage, from the mine. Equipment such as drainage pumps and pipelines are used to discharge the water, preventing its adverse effects on mining operations and equipment.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure. China is the world's largest steel producer and has enormous demand for iron ore. However, China's iron ore resources are characterized by low grade and high impurity content, requiring most iron ore to undergo beneficiation before use. Magnetic separation is the main beneficiation technology for iron ore in China, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes including roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Liaoning
Geography comment
Forming Liaoning's average data through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The underground mining process of iron ore in China includes procedures such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, hoisting, ventilation, and drainage.