Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
a46a1fbe-adb0-45c4-a33b-5b7ad22788c7
Materials
Associated ID
256c7399-0c2d-485d-a32b-e7c58fc8901b
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This process refers to the production activity of producing 1 kg of manganese-rich slag by the blast furnace. Manganese-rich slag is an intermediate product generated through the high-temperature reduction of manganese ore, with a Mn content of 33-35%, mainly used for producing silicomanganese alloy, manganese metal, and other manganese alloys. The dataset includes raw and auxiliary materials such as manganese ore, coke, pulverized coal, and limestone, and inputs of energy and energy media such as electricity and water; the outputs include the product manganese-rich slag, the by-products pig iron and crude lead, the wastes slag and dust-collection ash (which can be recovered to cement plants), and the waste blast furnace gas from which heat and electricity can be recovered, as well as emissions to water bodies and the atmosphere. The data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources, and the data representativeness is optimized using industry standards such as the 3140 Ferroalloy Industry Coefficient Handbook.
Activity Description
Manganese-rich slag production enriches manganese through smelting based on selective reduction. Because manganese, iron, and phosphorus have different reducibilities, iron and phosphorus are reduced preferentially while manganese reduction is suppressed. In the strongly reducing atmosphere of a blast furnace, readily reducible iron and phosphorus oxides are reduced to metals and settle at the bottom of the hearth, while higher-valence manganese oxides are reduced to lower-valence manganese oxides (MnO2→Mn2O3→Mn3O4→MnO). The manganese enters the slag mainly as MnO, forming a high-manganese slag with low phosphorus and iron contents that floats above the metal. The difference in reduction temperatures enables iron and manganese to be separated in the blast furnace. The smelting operation includes: 1) preparation and charging of raw and auxiliary materials; 2) blast-furnace smelting; and 3) treatment and utilization of blast-furnace gas.
Process Description
Manganese-rich slag is an intermediate product generated during the smelting of manganese ore, obtained by processing high-iron, high-phosphorus, low-grade manganese ore using a pyrometallurgical enrichment method. It is primarily used to produce silicon-manganese alloy, metallic manganese, and other manganese alloys. The Mn content of the manganese-rich slag from this production activity is 33-35%.
Time period
2017
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The blast furnace method is a metallurgical process that uses a blast furnace to produce ferroalloys, mainly smelting carbon ferromanganese. In this method, manganese ore, coke, and flux are loaded into the blast furnace from the top of the furnace in proportions, and the coke is burned for reduction reaction by blowing in high-temperature air or enriched oxygen. The molten material is regularly discharged through the slag port and the iron port to achieve continuous production.