Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
acc47031-4b6c-4d62-837f-2c1c40e350e3
Materials
Associated ID
57fe53f1-a7c7-4cdb-8ca0-62a3ba5ba389
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Ferric oxide is mainly used as a pigment and is widely used in industries such as paints, inks, rubber and pharmaceuticals. Ferric oxide is modelled as a pure substance; when modelling this substance, the user is required to add a solvent of their choice in the model. The dataset includes the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy, atmospheric emissions, wastewater and solid waste of the production process, in which the preliminary treatment of wastewater in the utility/auxiliary processes and the waste-gas treatment process are included within the dataset boundary, while infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and plant construction is not included within the dataset boundary; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources; the production activities of this product include nitric acid preparation, seed crystal preparation, ferrous nitrate preparation, oxidation, sieving, precipitation, water washing, pressure filtration, drying, pulverization and other process steps.
Activity Description
The production activities of this product include nitric acid preparation, seed crystal preparation, nitric oxide preparation, oxidation, sieving, precipitation, washing, filter press, drying, crushing and other processes.
Process Description
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3, CAS No. 1309-37-1) is a reddish-brown powder with a relative density of 5.24 g/cm³ and a melting point of 1565°C. It releases oxygen upon calcination and can be reduced to iron by hydrogen and carbon monoxide. It is insoluble in water but soluble in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and slightly soluble in nitric acid and alcohols. It exhibits excellent light resistance, high temperature resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, and rust resistance. It is mainly used as a pigment and is widely applied in paints, inks, rubber, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
Time period
2017
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The mixed acid method is an advanced technology for the production of high-purity ferric oxide. It is produced through the dissolution, precipitation, and calcination of iron salts and mixed acids. The product has uniform particle size and accounts for more than 70% of the ferric oxide market for high-end pigments and electronic materials. This dataset represents the mainstream technology: add water and iron sheets to the seed tank and heat them with steam, then add dilute nitric acid to react to prepare a seed crystal solution; add excess iron sheets and dilute nitric acid mixture to the reaction tank to react to prepare a ferrous nitrate solution; pump the seed crystals, water, iron sheets, ferrous nitrate solution, etc. into the oxidation tank, introduce air and steam, and control the temperature to react to form a slurry; after the slurry is screened through a stainless steel drum screen, it is subjected to precipitation, water washing, and pressure filtration, dried by a belt dryer, and finally crushed to obtain the iron oxide product. The core reaction chemical equation for this process is: 5Fe + Fe(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2O2 → 3Fe2O3 + NH4NO3.