Q235B carbon steel medium and heavy plate subjected to heat treatment is a medium and heavy carbon steel plate processed through heat treatment techniques, classified as a low-carbon steel grade according to Chinese standard GB/T 700. Q235B steel is widely used in engineering and construction due to its good ductility, toughness, and weldability. Heat treatment can further enhance the mechanical properties of this steel, such as strength and hardness, while improving its wear resistance and impact resistance. The production process of heat treated medium and heavy plates includes heating, soaking, cooling, and post-treatment, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste management, and environmental emissions associated with the production process. The dataset was formed by merging data from multiple sources.