Sulfur is a co-product in the coal-based synthetic gas production of ethylene glycol, and can be used in chemicals and rubber products. This dataset includes major raw and auxiliary materials, energy consumption, and water emissions from the production process; however, environmental burdens associated with production equipment, factory infrastructure construction, and equipment maintenance are excluded from the system boundaries of the dataset. The life cycle inventory is compiled from data derived from multiple sources. The coal-based synthetic gas process for sulfur production involves oxygen generation via air separation, water-coal slurry gasification, water-gas shift, purification, cooling, CO separation, hydrogen production, dimethyl oxalate synthesis, refining, ethylene glycol synthesis, and distillation.