Cradle to Consumer
Identity ID
bba727a3-595b-47fc-8ea2-ccfffd9d63ff
Materials
Associated ID
57126030-fa9e-485d-927c-71375515069f
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This is a market dataset representing the consumption market in the region. It includes transportation of the product from the factory gate to consumption, with transport services calculated according to the regional transportation conditions for the product.
Activity Description
The production process of steel billets includes steps such as converter smelting, molten steel refining, and casting and shaping of molten steel, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions during the production process.
Process Description
Billets are primary products obtained by casting molten steel from steel-making furnaces, typically in the form of slabs (for producing plates), blooms or billets (for producing sections and wire rods), and tube billets. They are important semi-finished products in the steel industry, possessing good plasticity and workability. Billets serve as raw materials for downstream processes and can be processed through rolling, forging, drawing, and other techniques into finished steel products of various specifications and shapes, such as steel plates, steel pipes, and steel bars. They are widely used in construction, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, automotive manufacturing, and other fields for manufacturing various components and structural materials. Low-alloy steel refers to alloy steel with a total alloying element content of less than 5%. Low-alloy steel is defined in relation to carbon steel. It is based on carbon steel, to which one or more alloying elements are intentionally added to improve the steel's properties.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China,Beijing
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Steelmaking processes mainly include basic oxygen steelmaking and electric arc furnace steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a common steel production method that removes impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus from molten steel through high-temperature combustion and oxygen blowing. By controlling the amount of oxygen injected and the processing time, the oxygen atmosphere and reaction conditions inside the furnace are regulated, thereby controlling the composition and quality of the alloy. Subsequently, the molten and refined steel is transferred via ladle to a turret. When the turret rotates to the casting position, the molten steel is poured into a tundish, which then distributes the steel through nozzles into individual molds. After cooling and solidification, this forms shaped crude steel billets. Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is a steelmaking method that utilizes the thermal effect of an electric arc to heat and melt raw materials. Electrical energy is introduced into the arc furnace through graphite electrodes, with the arc generated between the electrode tips and the furnace charge serving as the heat source. EAF steelmaking primarily uses scrap steel as the main raw material, along with auxiliary materials such as alloys, lime, and carbon raisers. The basic EAF steelmaking process includes slag removal and furnace lining repair, charging of metallic raw materials, power supply, melting, oxidation, reduction refining, and tapping. In this unit process, the scrap steel ratio for electric arc furnace steelmaking is approximately 40%.