Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
be0c33b3-5ff2-499e-9294-7888596b97ed
Materials
Associated ID
f20635f9-7414-4c52-8de8-4ff0d633e737
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the processing of hematite ore in China through mineral beneficiation processes. It covers a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) from crushing to the production of hematite concentrate, including all activities related to iron ore beneficiation and concentration production, but excluding the production of crushing equipment, magnetic separation equipment, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from personnel travel and daily office operations during the beneficiation production process. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and is representative of the average production level of hematite ore beneficiation in China.
Activity Description
This dataset describes the beneficiation of hematite ore. Magnetic separation is the primary technology in iron ore beneficiation in China, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes—such as roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation—is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate. The entire iron ore beneficiation process includes: crushing and grinding, which breaks and grinds the ore to liberate iron minerals from gangue; and magnetic separation (optional), which uses low- and high-intensity magnetic equipment to separate magnetic iron minerals (e.g., magnetite, hematite). Flotation and gravity separation (optional): for non-magnetic minerals or ores with high impurity content, further purification is carried out through flotation or gravity separation processes. Screening and filtration (optional): particle size is controlled by screening, and moisture is removed by filtration to obtain high-grade iron concentrate. Tailings management: proper handling of tailings to minimize environmental impacts.
Process Description
The hematite concentrate in this dataset has a grade of 66.5% and is the primary product of the mineral beneficiation process. Hematite concentrate mainly consists of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), with low levels of impurities such as silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. This makes it suitable for the production of high-quality steel. After appropriate treatment and processing, hematite concentrate can be further used to produce various industrial materials, such as pellets and direct reduced iron.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Chinese average data are formed by merging multiple provincial datasets.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
This dataset describes the beneficiation of hematite ore, a process aimed at separating valuable iron minerals from the iron ore, removing impurity minerals to enhance the ore grade, and providing high-quality raw material for subsequent smelting processes.