Sodium bicarbonate (CAS number 144-55-8) is a white crystalline powder with the chemical formula NaHCO3, commonly known as baking soda. It is stable at ambient temperature but gradually decomposes above 50°C to form sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide. It is readily soluble in water and forms a mildly alkaline solution. Its vigorous reaction with acids releases carbon dioxide, making it a common raw material for leavening agents and fire-extinguishing agents. In the food industry, it is widely used to leaven baked goods such as bread and biscuits. It is also used as an antacid in pharmaceuticals and for household cleaning and deodorizing.