Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
c4e13613-0d9c-484a-880b-948a1950c1c0
Materials
Associated ID
dfc782a9-6edd-4b92-8f31-026910d5df5e
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the life cycle inventory of iron ore mining in Hebei, covering all activities related to iron ore mining and production cradle-to-gate, starting from rock drilling to iron ore output. It does not include the production of drilling rigs, transportation equipment, personnel commuting, or direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from daily office operations during the mining production process. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and is representative of the average production level of iron ore mining in Hebei.
Activity Description
This dataset describes iron ore mining in Hebei, which primarily includes two basic methods: open-pit mining and underground mining.
Open-pit mining: Open-pit mining is a method that involves removing overlying surface rocks and soil to directly expose the ore body at the surface for extraction. This technique is typically applied to mineral deposits that are relatively shallow and extensive, offering advantages such as lower mining costs and higher production efficiency. Typical open-pit mining operations include drilling, blasting, overburden removal, ore loading, and transportation. Major equipment used includes excavators, drill rigs, bulldozers, and haul trucks. Underground mining: Underground mining is primarily used for deeper ore bodies, accessing the ore body through the construction of underground shafts and tunnels. This method is suitable for deposits where the ore body is deeply buried or where surface conditions are not conducive to open-pit mining. The process of underground mining includes mine development, ore extraction, and ore hoisting. Equipment used includes drills, hoists, and mine cars. The advantage of underground mining is its relatively low surface disturbance; however, it entails higher costs and strict safety requirements.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure. China is the world's largest steel producer and has enormous demand for iron ore. However, China's iron ore resources are characterized by low grade and high impurity content, requiring most iron ore to undergo beneficiation before use. Magnetic separation is the main beneficiation technology for iron ore in China, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes including roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Hebei
Geography comment
Forming Hebei's average data through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
This dataset describes iron ore mining, mainly including two forms:
Open-pit mining: Directly extracting ore by removing surface rock and soil. It is suitable for shallow deposits, has low cost, high production efficiency, and typically employs large equipment such as excavators and bulldozers.
Underground mining: Accessing deep ore bodies through constructing underground tunnels. It suits deeply buried deposits, has higher cost, causes less surface disturbance, but requires higher safety measures.