Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
d20cd3a9-5375-4536-bd58-b62ce535323d
Materials
Associated ID
73fb11a3-7aae-4f80-9dcf-39c5ce957d8c
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
Billets can serve as raw materials for downstream processes, and through processing methods such as rolling, forging, and drawing, are made into finished steel products of various specifications and shapes, such as steel plates, steel pipes, and steel bars. 304 stainless steel, also known as 18/8 stainless steel, is one of the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. Its main composition includes approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel, along with iron and small amounts of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. Stainless steel billets are the primary form in the stainless steel manufacturing process and are typically further processed into various stainless steel products. The production process of billets includes aspects such as converter steelmaking, molten steel refining, and casting and shaping of molten steel, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions during the production process. This dataset is formed by merging data from multiple sources. The dataset describes a nickel input of approximately 0.09 kg per kg of steel in the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.
Activity Description
The production process of steel billets includes steps such as converter smelting, molten steel refining, and casting and shaping of molten steel, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions during the production process.
Process Description
Billet is a primary product obtained by casting molten steel from a steelmaking furnace, typically in the form of slabs (for sheet production), blooms (for section and wire rod production), or billets (for tube production). It is an important semi-finished product in the iron and steel industry, possessing good plasticity and workability. Billet can serve as a raw material for downstream processes, being further processed through rolling, forging, or drawing to produce finished steel products of various specifications and shapes, such as steel plates, steel tubes, and steel bars. 304 stainless steel, also known as 18/8 stainless steel, is one of the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. Its main components include approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel, along with iron and small amounts of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. Stainless steel slabs are the primary form in the stainless steel manufacturing process and are typically further processed into various stainless steel products.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Basic oxygen steelmaking is a common steelmaking process. During smelting, high-temperature combustion and oxygen blowing remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus from the molten steel. By controlling the amount of oxygen blown in and the processing time, the oxygen atmosphere and reaction conditions inside the furnace are regulated, thus controlling the composition and quality of the alloy. Subsequently, the molten and refined steel is transferred via ladle to a turret, which rotates to the casting position and pours the steel into a tundish. The tundish then distributes the molten steel through nozzles into individual molds, where it solidifies upon cooling to form shaped raw steel billets.