Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
d7a3a2bd-b704-410e-a32a-951b484ccd75
Materials
Associated ID
982fc84d-c5da-46ec-8b10-7a3a9f68bac8
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents underground mining of vanadium-titanium magnetite ore in China. It includes a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) from drilling to the production of magnetite ore, covering all activities associated with magnetite mining operations, but excluding the production of drilling rigs, transport equipment, personnel travel during mining operations, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from daily office activities. The dataset is compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards, including the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', representing the average production level of underground magnetite mining in China.
Activity Description
This dataset describes underground mining of magnetite ore in China, and the process flow is as follows:
1. Drilling
Drilling is the process of creating boreholes in underground ore bodies to prepare for blasting. Drilling machines (such as drill rigs) are used to bore holes into the ore body for charging with explosives. The accuracy and efficiency of drilling directly affect the subsequent blasting performance and overall mining efficiency.
2. Blasting
Blasting involves the use of explosives detonated in pre-drilled holes to fragment the ore. Through blasting, the ore is broken down into smaller pieces suitable for loading and transportation. Blasting operations require precise control of explosive quantity and detonation timing to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and operational safety.
3. Shoveling
Shoveling is the process of loading broken ore into mine trucks or other transportation equipment. Equipment such as loaders and excavators are used for ore loading. The efficiency of shoveling is crucial to subsequent transportation and mining progress.
4. Transportation
Underground ore transportation involves moving the loaded ore to hoisting points. Transportation methods include mine cars, electric carts, or belt conveyors. The transportation system must be properly designed to ensure safe and efficient ore delivery.
5. Hoisting
Hoisting is the process of transporting underground ore to the surface using a hoisting system. Hoists or lifting equipment are primarily used to raise the ore to the surface. The safety and efficiency of hoisting equipment directly affect the overall mining operation.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of ensuring air circulation in underground mines to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases. Ventilation systems include fans, air ducts, and air regulation devices, ensuring a suitable working environment underground.
7. Drainage
Underground mine drainage is the process of managing accumulated water within the mine, including groundwater and seepage. Accumulated water is removed using equipment such as drainage pumps and pipelines to prevent it from affecting mining operations and equipment.
Process Description
Vanadium-titanium magnetite is a complex associated mineral primarily composed of iron, vanadium, and titanium, accompanied by various valuable elements (such as chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, scandium, gallium, and platinum group elements), with high contents of valuable elements. It is an important industrial mineral resource with significant development and comprehensive utilization value. In nature, vanadium-titanium magnetite mainly forms within mafic and ultramafic rock masses. Common valuable ore minerals in such deposits include titanomagnetite and ilmenite, along with minor amounts of magnetite, hematite, and sulfides. Titanomagnetite is a magnetite containing solid solution exsolutions such as ilmenite, ulvöspinel, and magnesioferrite, which can crystallize into ilmenite and magnetite through regional metamorphism. Generally, vanadium-titanium magnetite contains 1%–15% TiO₂ and 0.1%–2% V₂O₅. The chemical composition of ilmenite is FeTiO₃, and ilmenite contains 52% TiO₂. 66%, Fe2+ can be completely isomorphously substituted by Mg2+ and Mn2+, forming the FeTiO3-MgTiO3 or FeTiO3-MnTiO3 series. When FeO is dominant, it is called ilmenite; when MgO is dominant, it is called geikielite; when MnO is dominant, it is called pyrophanite. Ilmenite has a Mohs hardness of 5–6, a specific gravity of 4.70–4.78, weak magnetism, and a magnetic susceptibility coefficient of 1173.33–224. 56×10-9 m³/kg.
China has widespread vanadium-titanium magnetite deposits with abundant reserves. Proven reserves are approximately 10 billion tons, with potential reserves exceeding 30 billion tons. The deposits are mainly distributed in the Panxi (Panzhihua-Xichang) region of Sichuan Province and the Chengde region of Hebei Province, with scattered occurrences in Yangxian and Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province, Yunyang and Xiangyang in Hubei Province, Daixian in Shanxi Province, Xingning in Guangdong Province, Kashgar and Hami in Xinjiang Province, and Chaoyang in Liaoning Province.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Forming China's average data through data integration from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The underground iron ore mining process in China includes procedures such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, hoisting, ventilation, and drainage.