Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
d862dbed-2142-4dfe-9c6d-ebca762e19cb
Materials
Associated ID
e6a8af1f-0f2e-4deb-844f-fec84230c427
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) of bituminous and anthracite production starting from open-pit coal mining, covering all activities related to raw coal production but excluding coal washing processes, as well as direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production of equipment such as conveyors and mining vehicles, personnel transportation during coal production, and daily office operations. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as "Clean Production Standards for Coal Mining and Preparation Industry" (HJ 446-2008), "Emission Standards of Pollutants for Coal Industry", and "Soil Environmental Quality Standards" of the People's Republic of China, and is representative of the average production level in Heilongjiang.
Activity Description
This dataset describes the open-pit mining of bituminous coal and anthracite, with the following process flow:
Drilling: Holes are drilled on the mining face in the mining area according to the distribution of the ore body and mining design, usually using large drilling rigs. The main purpose of drilling is to prepare passages for blasting operations.
Blasting: Blasting is the process of filling the drilled holes with explosives and detonating them to fragment the ore or rock. The broken rock resulting from this process facilitates subsequent excavation and loading.
Loading: Large excavation equipment (such as electric shovels or hydraulic excavators) is used to load the blasted ore or rock onto transport vehicles. Selection of loading equipment typically depends on the size of the orebody and geological conditions.
Crushing: Ore or rock undergoes initial size reduction to facilitate subsequent transportation or further processing. Crushing is usually conducted at the mining site or temporary crushing stations, aiming to reduce ore particle size and improve transport efficiency.
Hauling: Hauling refers to the process of transporting ore or waste rock from the mining face to designated locations, typically using large trucks, belt conveyors, or rail systems. The choice of haulage routes and equipment depends on mine scale and transport distance.
Dumping: Dumping is the process of transporting overburden, waste rock, or other non-ore materials to a waste dump area. Spoil heaps are typically located around the mine site, and their stability and environmental impacts need to be considered.
Pollutant Treatment and Disposal: Waste materials, dust, and wastewater generated during open-pit mining operations must be properly treated. Dust is usually suppressed by water spraying, while wastewater is treated through sedimentation tanks and chemical processes before discharge, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
Ecological Restoration and Rehabilitation: Environmental damage caused by mining activities should be mitigated through ecological restoration measures, including topsoil reconstruction, vegetation restoration, and soil and water conservation. The goal of ecological restoration is to rehabilitate the natural ecosystem of the mined area and minimize long-term impacts on the surrounding environment.
Process Description
The resources of Heilongjiang bituminous and anthracite coal are distributed in coalfields such as Jixi, Boli, Shuangyashan, Jixian, and Hegang, including the Sanjiang-Yi-Muling River coal-bearing area. The Jixi coalfield contains coal types ranging from gas coal to lean coal, primarily coking coal, followed by gas coal; the Boli coalfield includes coal types from gas coal to anthracite, predominantly coking coal; the Lingsi and Lingdong coal mines in the western Anbang River area of the Shuangyashan coalfield are mainly coking coal and fat coal; the Hegang coalfield is primarily composed of gas coal. The coal quality characteristics are ash content of 17-27%, volatile matter of 20-36%, total sulfur of 0.29-0.76%, and carbon content of 56.76-89. 56%, Qnet,ar net calorific value on received basis 8253~8643 kcal/kg.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Heilongjiang
Geography comment
Forming Heilongjiang's average data through merging data from multiple sources.
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Open-pit mining includes drilling, blasting, loading, crushing, transportation, waste dumping, pollutant treatment and disposal, and ecological restoration and management.