Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
da31a70a-6d53-4128-86fb-394b5971eed6
Materials
Associated ID
ff8b797f-9036-4153-a8a4-bc81c01a38fa
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents open-pit mining of magnetite ore in Xizang. It includes a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) from drilling to the production of iron ore, covering all activities associated with magnetite concentrate mining production, but excluding greenhouse gas emissions (direct or indirect) from the production of drilling rigs, transportation equipment, personnel commuting, and daily office operations during the mining production process. The dataset was compiled from multiple sources based on national documents such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and is representative of the average production level of open-pit magnetite mining in Xizang.
Activity Description
This dataset describes the open-pit mining of magnetite in Tibet Province, with the following process flow:
1. Drilling
Drilling is a step in the open-pit mining process used to prepare for blasting. Drilling rigs are generally used to bore a series of holes into the ore body, which will then be filled with explosives. The main objective of drilling is to ensure that the blasting effectively fractures the ore, facilitating subsequent excavation and transportation. Parameters such as drilling depth, hole spacing, and hole diameter must be designed according to the characteristics of the ore body and the mining plan.
2. Blasting
Blasting is one of the most critical steps in open-pit mining. By filling drilled holes with blasting agents (such as emulsion explosives, nitroglycerin explosives, etc.) and then detonating them, the ore is broken into smaller pieces. The effectiveness of blasting directly impacts the efficiency of subsequent loading and hauling operations. Blasting operations require strict control of timing, charge quantity, and blasting methods to ensure uniform fragmentation of the ore and operational safety.
3. Shoveling and loading
Shoveling and loading refers to the process of loading crushed ore onto transport equipment. This operation is typically carried out using equipment such as excavators and loaders. The efficiency of shoveling and loading directly affects ore transportation and the overall economic performance of the mining process. Factors such as ore distribution, equipment operating range, and operational efficiency must be considered during shoveling and loading operations.
4. Transportation
Transportation is the process of moving excavated ore from the mining area to the processing plant or storage area. Common transportation methods include haul trucks, conveyors, and belt conveyors. The primary objectives during transportation are to ensure the safe and efficient movement of ore, minimizing ore loss and contamination. The selection and layout of transportation equipment should be rationally designed based on factors such as mine topography, ore characteristics, and transport distance.
5. Drainage
During open-pit mining, large amounts of rainwater, groundwater, or other liquids typically accumulate within the mining area. Therefore, drainage is a critical component in ensuring smooth mining operations. Drainage systems usually include facilities such as drainage ditches, pumping stations, and drainage pipelines, designed to rapidly remove accumulated water from the mining area, preventing operational impacts on equipment and potential threats to safety.
Process Description
This dataset describes Tibet's magnetite ore, with the following information: The associated components of this ore include lead (trace amounts), zinc (content 0.01-0.03%), copper (content 0.002-0.03%), tin (content <0.03%), sulfur (average sulfur content 0.052%), and phosphorus (average content 0.0045%). The main slag-forming oxides are silicon dioxide, with average contents of 9.85%, 5.77%, 5.26%, 3. in orebodies I to V, respectively. 45%), lead(III) oxide (average content less than 1%), calcium oxide (average content about 1%), and magnesium oxide (average content about 1.5%). The associated components in this deposit do not reach the standards for comprehensive recovery and utilization, making them unrecoverable. Moreover, harmful substances and slag-forming minerals are within permissible limits and can thus be disregarded.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Xizang Autonomous Region
Geography comment
Forming an average dataset for Tibet through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The open-pit mining process of iron ore in China includes several main operations such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, and dewatering.