Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
de27c2b3-cec7-4dca-bae0-f0ac5ba4e99e
Materials
Associated ID
73411364-9850-4117-bab1-f24b6c3e9baf
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents a product that is emulsion explosive, a water-in-oil emulsified industrial explosive formed under the action of an emulsifier with an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution as the dispersed phase and an oil phase as the continuous phase. Its main components include the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, oil-phase materials, emulsifier and sensitizer; its detonation velocity is approximately 3500–5500 m/s and its density is 1.05–1.35 g/cm³. It has excellent water resistance and relatively low mechanical sensitivity, takes a paste or gel form, and is packed in a casing to make explosive cartridges or columns, being widely used in open-pit blasting, mining, quarrying, water-conservancy excavation and other projects. The key upstream raw materials are ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, paraffin wax, petroleum jelly, mineral oil, surfactants and hollow glass microspheres; the downstream is mainly oriented toward blasting operations requiring high water resistance and safety, such as mines, quarries and water-conservancy and hydropower construction. Within the system boundary, sub-processes include preparation of the oxidizer aqueous solution, melting and blending of the oil phase, preparation of the emulsifier and sensitizer, emulsification and homogenization, sensitization and forming, filling and sealing, finished-product packaging, as well as waste-gas absorption, wastewater treatment and solid-waste disposal; it does not include the mining of raw materials such as ammonium nitrate, the manufacture of large chemical plant equipment, or the construction of the main plant buildings and protective facilities of the explosives factory. The data sources integrate industry-average indicators, on-site measured data from typical production enterprises, and relevant process manuals and standards; for the emulsification and filling processes of multi-product co-line production, data are split using the mass-allocation method combined with formulation ratios. The dataset includes the main raw and auxiliary materials, energy and wastes in the production process; infrastructure such as the manufacture of production equipment and plant construction is not included within the boundary of the dataset; the data inventory is formed by merging data from multiple sources
Activity Description
The process of the emulsion explosives production line mainly includes oil-water phase preparation, continuous emulsification, cooling, continuous sensitization, charging, packaging and other links.
1. Preparation of aqueous solution
This production line directly uses liquid ammonium nitrate (containing about 96.8% ammonium nitrate, about 3.0% water, and about 0.2% impurities) to prepare aqueous solution. The ammonium nitrate solution is transported by tanker to outside the water and oil phase preparation workshop. After passing the inspection, it is pumped to the liquid ammonium nitrate storage tank for heat preservation and backup. When in use, the liquid ammonium nitrate is pumped into the water phase preparation tank, continues to be heated to meet the process temperature (90°C-100°C) requirements, and is sent to the next process by the water phase transfer pump.
2. Preparation of oil phase solution
The oil phase materials (the main components are paraffin, ozokerite, petroleum jelly, and engine oil) are weighed and added to the oil phase wax melting tank for melting. The oil phase materials that have reached the process temperature (95°C ± 5°C) and the measured emulsifier (the main ingredient is Span-80) are placed in the oil phase preparation tank and stirred and mixed. The prepared oil phase is sent to the oil phase storage tank through a transfer pump to prepare for production. The temperatures of the oil phase preparation tank and oil phase storage tank are automatically adjusted and controlled by electric regulating valves to control the oil phase within the range of process requirements (controlled within the range of 90°C-100°C).
3. Continuous emulsification
The prepared aqueous phase solution passes through the valve, aqueous phase pipeline, and aqueous phase filter, and is transported by the aqueous phase conveying system under the control of the programmable controller. It is measured by the aqueous phase flow meter and sent to the pre-emulsion tank.
The prepared oil phase solution passes through the valve, oil phase pipeline, and oil phase filter, and is transported by the oil phase transportation system under the control of the programmable controller. It is measured by the oil phase flow meter and sent to the pre-emulsion tank.
The water phase and oil phase solutions are proportioned according to the process (the proportion is water phase: oil phase = 93.8: 6.2 [mass ratio]) and are automatically measured and controlled by a microcomputer to continuously enter the emulsifier for emulsification.
4. Cooling
The emulsion matrix coming out of the emulsifier flows to the steel belt cooler and is cooled to the specified temperature (below 50°C). The cooling water is recycled through an external system, and the water temperature is controlled below 20°C.
5. Sensitization
Different sensitization methods are selected according to the specific type of products produced, including chemical sensitization and physical sensitization. Chemical sensitization: The foaming agent prepared in the foaming agent tank is pumped into the mixer through the foaming agent (main component is sodium nitrite) and the emulsion matrix sent in by the emulsion pump is mixed online and then enters the filling machine.
Physical sensitization: When producing physically sensitized explosives, the resin microspheres enter the physical sensitization machine through the microsphere delivery and metering system, and are mixed with the emulsion matrix to form physically sensitized emulsion explosives, which are then fed into the charging machine by the emulsion pump.
6. Charging and packaging
The sensitized emulsion explosive is directly fed into the hopper of the charging machine through a belt, and filled into rolls according to product specifications. The rolls are packed, boxed, and bundled before being sent to the warehouse for storage.
7. Transfer to the transfer station
The product is conveyed by belt to the transfer station.
Process Description
The process of the emulsion explosives production line mainly includes oil-water phase preparation, continuous emulsification, cooling, continuous sensitization, charging, packaging and other steps.
Time period
2021
2026
Geography
China
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology