Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
e7caa86c-2218-42f2-bcd3-2d37af4253c9
Materials
Associated ID
ee5e1714-9aad-4601-97ee-7fd9f820664e
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents open-pit iron ore mining in Shandong. It provides a life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) from drilling to iron ore production, covering all activities related to iron ore mining and production, but excluding the production of drilling rigs, transport equipment, personnel travel during mining operations, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from daily office operations. The dataset was formed by consolidating data from multiple sources, based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and is representative of the average production level of open-pit iron ore mining in Shandong.
Activity Description
This dataset describes open-pit mining of iron ore in Shandong Province, with the following operational procedures:
1. Drilling
Drilling is a step in open-pit mining used to prepare for blasting. Drilling machines are generally used to drill a series of holes into the orebody, which will then be filled with explosives. The main objective of drilling is to ensure that the blasting effectively fractures the ore, facilitating subsequent loading and transportation. Parameters such as drilling depth, hole spacing, and hole diameter must be designed according to the characteristics of the orebody and the mining plan.
2. Blasting
Blasting is one of the most critical steps in open-pit mining. By filling pre-drilled holes with explosives (such as emulsion explosives, nitroglycerin-based explosives, etc.) and then detonating them, the ore is broken into smaller fragments. The effectiveness of blasting directly influences the efficiency of subsequent loading and hauling operations. Blasting operations require strict control over timing, charge quantity, and blasting methods to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and safety. Shoveling
Shoveling is the process of loading broken ore into transport equipment. This operation is typically carried out using equipment such as excavators and loaders. The efficiency of shoveling directly affects ore transportation and the economics of the entire mining process. Shoveling operations must consider factors such as ore distribution, equipment operating range, and efficiency.
4. Transportation
Transportation is the process of moving excavated ore from the mining area to processing plants or storage areas. Common transportation methods include haul trucks, conveyor belts, and belt conveyors. The primary objectives during transportation are to ensure the safe and efficient movement of ore, minimizing ore loss and contamination. The selection and layout of transportation equipment should be rationally designed based on the topography of the mining area, ore characteristics, and transportation distance. Drainage
During the open-pit mining process, rainwater, groundwater, or other liquids often accumulate within the mining area. Therefore, drainage is a crucial aspect to ensure smooth mining operations. Drainage systems typically include facilities such as ditches, pumping stations, and drainage pipelines, designed to promptly remove accumulated water from the mining area, preventing adverse effects on equipment and ensuring operational safety.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure. China is the world's largest steel producer and has enormous demand for iron ore. However, China's iron ore resources are characterized by low grade and high impurity content, requiring most iron ore to undergo beneficiation before use. Magnetic separation is the main beneficiation technology for iron ore in China, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes including roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Shandong
Geography comment
Forming Shandong's average data by combining multiple standards and project data
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
Open-pit mining includes processes such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, drainage, environmental protection, and road maintenance.