Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
f49bf98c-d5d9-4d82-bd7b-573812d64bfd
Materials
Associated ID
78847700-23d6-4fc4-b7f2-8439cc49ba3e
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the life cycle inventory (cradle-to-gate) of limonite ore mined underground in China, covering all activities related to limonite mining production from drilling to the production of iron ore, but excluding the direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production of drilling rigs, transportation equipment, personnel commuting, and daily office operations during the mining production process. The dataset is compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and represents the average production level of underground limonite ore mining in China.
Activity Description
This dataset describes underground iron ore mining in China, with the following process steps:
1. Drilling
Drilling is the process of creating boreholes in underground ore bodies in preparation for blasting. Drilling machines (such as drill rigs) are used to bore holes into the ore body for charging with explosive agents. The precision and efficiency of drilling directly affect the subsequent blasting effectiveness and overall mining performance.
2. Blasting
Blasting involves detonating explosives loaded into pre-drilled holes to fragment the ore. Through blasting, the ore is broken down into smaller pieces suitable for loading and transportation. Blasting operations require precise control of explosive quantity and detonation timing to ensure uniform ore fragmentation and operational safety.
3. Loading
Loading is the process of loading blasted ore into mine trucks or other transportation equipment. Equipment such as loaders and excavators are used to load the ore. The efficiency of loading is crucial for subsequent transportation and mining progress.
4. Transportation
Underground ore transportation involves moving the loaded ore to hoisting points. Transportation methods include mine trucks, electric carts, or belt conveyors. The transportation system must be designed rationally to ensure safe and efficient ore delivery.
5. Hoisting
Hoisting is the process of transporting underground ore to the surface using a hoisting system. Hoists or lifting equipment are primarily used to raise the ore to the surface. The safety and efficiency of the hoisting equipment directly affect the overall mining operations.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of ensuring air circulation in underground mines to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases. The ventilation system includes fans, air ducts, and air regulation devices, ensuring a suitable working environment underground.
7. Drainage
Underground mine drainage is the process of managing accumulated water within a mine, including groundwater and seepage. Using equipment such as drainage pumps and pipelines, the accumulated water is removed to prevent adverse effects on mining operations and equipment.
Process Description
Limonite, whose main component is hydrated iron oxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O), includes goethite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite, feroxyhyte, and hydromaghemite. Limonite is rich in crystalline water, with a magnetic susceptibility of (20–80) × 10⁻⁶ m³/kg, a density of (3.0–4.2) g/cm³, and a Mohs hardness of 1.0–5.0. 5. It is prone to sludging during the crushing and grinding process, and this sludging increases grinding energy consumption and reagent usage, reduces beneficiation efficiency, and causes resource waste. Limonite in China is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shandong, Guizhou, Fujian, and other provinces.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China
Geography comment
Forming China's average data through data integration from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
The underground iron ore mining process in China includes procedures such as drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, hoisting, ventilation, and drainage.