This dataset represents the provision of freight transport services by electric locomotives, delivering 1 ton of goods over a distance of 1 kilometer. The dataset includes the production and maintenance of electric locomotives and carriages, railway track construction, as well as energy consumption and operational emissions of freight trains using electricity. Energy consumption and operational emissions data are primarily derived from industry surveys, standards, transport yearbooks, and a synthesis of literature, representing average conditions in China. Data on the production and maintenance of electric locomotives and carriages, as well as railway track construction, are reasonably extrapolated based on available information.