Q235B wide and heavy plate is a type of carbon structural steel plate belonging to the Q235 series in the Chinese standard GB/T 700. Q235B indicates that this material has good ductility, toughness, and weldability, as well as certain strength, and is widely used in construction, bridges, ships, vehicle manufacturing, high pressure vessels, and heavy machinery structures. The production process of wide and heavy plates includes billet preheating, rough rolling, finishing rolling, cooling, and leveling, covering energy consumption, material consumption, waste treatment, and environmental emissions during the production process. This dataset is formed by merging data from multiple sources.