Cradle to Gate
Identity ID
52cd8c7a-eea7-42cf-b0a4-4d6239883189
Materials
Associated ID
dfc782a9-6edd-4b92-8f31-026910d5df5e
Included activities starts
Included activities ends
Description
This dataset represents the life cycle inventory of iron ore mining in Shandong, cradle-to-gate, starting from rock drilling to iron ore production. It covers all activities associated with iron ore mining and production, but excludes greenhouse gas emissions--both direct and indirect--related to the manufacturing of drilling rigs, transport equipment, personnel commuting, and daily office operations during the mining production process. The dataset was compiled from multiple data sources based on national standards such as the 'Manual of Production and Emission Coefficients for the Iron Ore Mining and Processing Industry (0810)', 'Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral procressing industry (GB 28661-2012)', 'Cleaning production standard Iron ore mining and mineral processing industry', and 'The norm of the energy consumption per unit product of iron ore dressing(GB31337-2014)', and is representative of the average production level of iron ore mining in Shandong.
Activity Description
This dataset describes iron ore mining in Shandong Province, which primarily involves two basic methods: open-pit mining and underground mining.
Open-pit mining: Open-pit mining is a method that removes overlying surface rock and soil to directly expose the orebody at the surface for extraction. This technique is typically applied to large-scale deposits located at shallow depths and offers advantages such as lower mining costs and higher production efficiency. Typical open-pit mining operations include drilling, blasting, overburden removal, ore loading, and transportation. Major equipment used includes excavators, drills, bulldozers, and mining trucks. Underground mining: Underground mining is primarily used for deeper ore bodies, accessing the ore body through the construction of underground shafts and tunnels. This method is suitable for ore deposits with deep burial or where surface conditions are unsuitable for open-pit mining. The underground mining process includes mine development, ore extraction, and hoisting, using equipment such as drills, hoists, and mine cars. The advantages of underground mining are minimal surface disturbance, but it involves higher costs and stringent safety requirements.
Process Description
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel production, and steel is one of the core materials for modern industry and infrastructure. China is the world's largest steel producer and has enormous demand for iron ore. However, China's iron ore resources are characterized by low grade and high impurity content, requiring most iron ore to undergo beneficiation before use. Magnetic separation is the main beneficiation technology for iron ore in China, especially suitable for magnetite and vanadium-titanium magnetite. For non-magnetic or weakly magnetic ores such as hematite, limonite, and siderite, a combination of processes including roasting, gravity separation, high-intensity magnetic separation, and flotation is typically required to improve the yield and grade of iron concentrate.
Time period
2022
2026
Geography
China,Shandong
Geography comment
Forming Shandong's average data through merging data from multiple sources
Macroeconomic value
Business-as-Usual
Data validation
Yes
Technology
Current Technology
Technology comment
This dataset describes iron ore mining, mainly including two forms:
Open-pit mining: Directly extracting ore by removing surface rock and soil. It is suitable for shallow deposits, has low cost, high production efficiency, and typically employs large equipment such as excavators and bulldozers.
Underground mining: Accessing deep ore bodies through constructing underground tunnels. It suits deeply buried deposits, has higher cost, causes less surface disturbance, but requires higher safety measures.